Pioneering CO2 Storage: Iceland and Norway Lead the Way

# Pioneering CO2 Storage: Iceland and Norway Lead the Way

**Two Nordic Approaches to Carbon Storage** While both Iceland and Norway are pioneering CO2 storage solutions, they employ distinctly different methods based on their unique geological conditions. Iceland’s volcanic geology offers mineral storage, while Norway utilizes offshore reservoirs in the North Sea. **Iceland’s Carbfix Solution** Iceland’s innovative Carbfix project takes advantage of the country’s volcanic basalt rocks. When CO2 is dissolved in water and injected into basalt formations, it undergoes a natural mineralization process, turning into solid carbonate minerals within just two years. This method is particularly effective due to Iceland’s unique geological setting, with abundant basalt formations providing ideal conditions for permanent CO2 storage. **Norway’s Northern Lights Project** Norway’s approach differs significantly, utilizing depleted oil and gas reservoirs beneath the North Sea. The Northern Lights project, which began operations in 2024, can store up to 1.5 million tonnes of CO2 annually, with plans to expand to 5 million tonnes by 2030. The project features a sophisticated 110-kilometer pipeline system, essential for several reasons: **Why Norway Needs a Long Pipeline** – The Aurora reservoir lies 2.6 kilometers beneath the seabed, requiring secure transport infrastructure – Weather-independent operations are crucial in the harsh North Sea environment – Continuous injection capability ensures optimal storage efficiency – The pipeline enables safe transport from the coastal terminal to the offshore storage site – Cost-effective long-term operation compared to direct ship injection **Future Impact** Both projects demonstrate different but equally viable approaches to carbon storage. While Iceland’s solution is ideal for locations with volcanic geology, Norway’s method shows how existing offshore infrastructure can be repurposed for climate action. These pioneering projects are setting global standards for carbon capture and storage technology.